tES vs. TMS: Pros and Cons of the Two Techniques

tES vs. TMS: Pros and Cons of the Two Techniques

tES and TMS are two closely related techniques. Despite being efficient in their respective functions, TMS is believed to be more effective since it is a product of research and studies starting approximately 10 years ahead of tES. Thus, more clinical trials are available that favor TMS. 

tES- TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION

tES is a non-invasive technique that uses electrodes attached to the scalp to generate an electric field. This electric current then passes through the brain cortex and hence alters its function. The current applied is a low-intensity current that helps stimulate specific brain areas.  

PROS

• Brain activity depends on electrical signals, which are transmitted via neurons. Since the brain already depends upon electricity, the current from tES can prove beneficial in changing brain functioning.
• A valuable tool for treating numerous psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic headaches.
• Enhances memory through electric current by stimulating the part of the brain responsible for storing memory.

For example, the hippocampus is responsible for converting short-term memory to long-term memory, especially when the individual is sleeping. Thus, when tES is applied to patients during sleep, there are high chances they remember whatever was learned before they went to sleep.

CONS

• In the case of stroke patients, tES may cause adverse symptoms such as burning sensation, headache, tingling, mild fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.
• The appearance of skin lesions under the electrode placement sites. This is because of the increased skin temperature due to current stimulation.

TMS – TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION

This technique is based upon the phenomena of electromagnetic induction. It uses a changing magnetic field to generate an electric current at a specific area of the brain. Like tES, TMS is also an important procedure that aims at altering brain function. 

Instead of electrodes, TMS uses a coil placed over the head to generate magnetic pulses that in turn produce an electric current. 

This technique has shown efficacy in treating depression in patients that show no recovery from other treatments or are intolerant to antidepressant medications. 

PROS

• A non-invasive procedure—does not require anesthesia.
• Does not cause memory impairment.
• FDA-approved treatment for depression.
• Does not influence patients’ daily routine; they can go about their tasks easily.
• Is not addictive; will not have any withdrawal symptoms when stopped.

CONS

• Skin redness or lesions at the site of treatment because of the raised temperature from electric impulses.
• An overall lengthy process that usually requires 30 treatments over 6 weeks.
• The patient might experience headaches and anxiety.
• This treatment is often described as uncomfortable; however, it is tolerable.
• Medications are used, exposing patients to systemic side effects.
• Low risk of seizure.

The Takeaway

Both tES and TMS have their pros and cons. If you are interested in receiving either of these treatments, make sure to go through the points listed above and choose the one that suits you the best. Make sure to find a good practitioner to perform these techniques and talk through the entire procedure before starting the treatment.

For Alquimedez TMS consultation session, set an appointment with our professionals today, and we will walk you through every step of the way.